2008/04/21 山本准教授がEcocity World Summit 2008（サンフランシスコ、2008年4月）で研究発表
2013/10/23
（アメリカ・サンフランシスコ、2008年4月）
Genealogy of Urban Planning for Green Space Development
ABSTRACT
Most large cities in Asia have an extraordinarily high development density compared with their counterparts in Europe and North America. An acute lack of green space in the metropolitan areas in Japan in particular has given rise not only to problems in land use but also to deterioration of the quality of the urban environment. Quite apart from the problem of environmental conservation, green spaces fulfill a number of diverse functions, and thus constitute one of the most important elements in urban areas. The potential danger of high-density cities was made very real in people’s minds in Japan in the Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995), and several proposals have since been made strongly arguing for the necessity of city planning for disaster-planning based on the provision of green spaces.
Based on the results of literature research and field surveys (2001-2005) as well as interviews (2001-2005), this study reviews representative cases of green space development in Europe, North America and Asia, with the aim of creating a genealogy of urban planning for green space development in order to gain an idea of the main directions in which it is headed.
The basic import of this report can be summarized as follows.
(1) In the nineteenth century, Europeans began to construct modern urban parks. These modern urban parks can be classified into two groups: British-style modern urban parks, and German-style modern urban parks. In the U.S., the “park system” was adopted as a method of developing parks as a part of urban planning.
(2) In Asia, there have been attempts at realization of a green belt concept in Japan and South Korea; however, they have not lead to the securing of sufficient green space in urban areas and their environs. Singapore, on the other hand, saw the launch of the Garden City movement, whose purpose was to promote green space development as a means to cope with the rapid urbanization and development after independence.
(3) This study and other precedence studies show that there are two major directions in which green-oriented urban planning is heading. One direction is multi-regional development, while the other is the concept of the environmentally symbiotic city, which itself developed out of the Garden City concept.
(1) In the nineteenth century, Europeans began to construct modern urban parks. These modern urban parks can be classified into two groups: British-style modern urban parks, and German-style modern urban parks. In the U.S., the “park system” was adopted as a method of developing parks as a part of urban planning.
(2) In Asia, there have been attempts at realization of a green belt concept in Japan and South Korea; however, they have not lead to the securing of sufficient green space in urban areas and their environs. Singapore, on the other hand, saw the launch of the Garden City movement, whose purpose was to promote green space development as a means to cope with the rapid urbanization and development after independence.
(3) This study and other precedence studies show that there are two major directions in which green-oriented urban planning is heading. One direction is multi-regional development, while the other is the concept of the environmentally symbiotic city, which itself developed out of the Garden City concept.