2015/07/18 山本佳世子准教授が2015 Global Forum on Health Research and Innovationで招待講演
山本佳世子准教授が8月24日～27日までフィリピン・マニラで開催される2015 Global Forum on Health Research and InnovationのWHOセッションで招待講演を行います。
2015 Global Forum on Health Research and Innovation
[WHO WPRO] Health promotion, NCD prevention and control and Sustainable Development Goals: The role of megacities
http://www.forum2015.org/index.php/attend/program
招待講演テーマ
「Measures against the Urban Heat Island from the Viewpoint of Transport and Energy in Tokyo」
要旨
The global average temperature has risen by approximately 0.7 °C over the past hundred years, and it is thought that global warming is the main cause. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, the capital of Japan, where urbanization has increased the most, the average temperature has risen by as much as approximately 3 °C in the past hundred years. The fact that the temperature in Tokyo is rising more rapidly than the global average in this way is due to the fact that in addition to global warming, there is also the urban heat island effect. Therefore, in Japan, in order to mitigate the urban heat island effect, various efforts are being actively undertaken, and research inquiring into causes and mitigation effects is being actively conducted.
This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) from the viewpoint of transport and energy using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo 23-Ward. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following three points.
(1) The volume of artificial exhaust heat of moving objects is more than that of stationary objects. On intra- highways and beltways where traffic density and speed are high, the volume of artificial exhaust heat of moving objects is particularly high. By vehicle type, the volume of artificial exhaust heat of passenger cars and small freight cars is especially high, and it is highest in the daytime on weekdays.
(2) Although there are differences in degree, the measures regarding moving objects such as exhaust heat suppression by fuel burning, facilitation of traffic flow by road development for bicycles and walkers, beltway development, and enhancement of traffic signal limitation are effective in reducing the volume of artificial exhaust heat. However, roads with a high reduction ratio in the volume of artificial exhaust heat differ according to the measures taken.
(3) Measures regarding stationary objects such as special pavements and promotion of high energy consumption efficiency in equipment result in high reduction ratios (about 30%) in the volume of artificial exhaust heat and can be widely effective.